烟台四十里湾表层沉积物中生物硅的研究     

李欣  邸宝平  刘东艳  王玉珏  董志军 《海洋科学》2012,36(12):32-38

以烟台四十里湾作为研究区域,分析了16个站位表层沉积物中生物硅的含量,探讨沉积物中生物硅对内湾环境的指示作用.结果表明,污水排放区、垃圾倾倒区沉积物中生物硅含量较高(平均值分别为0.71％和0.78％),对应上层水体的富营养化;航道区生物硅含量很低(平均值0.37％),与航船扰动造成的低生产力状况符合.沉积物中生物硅含量较好地反映了上层水体的浮游植物状况,并与上层营养盐浓度具有很好的对应关系.研究表明,沉积环境能够明显影响沉积物中生物硅的沉积和保存.  相似文献   

A modified method for biogenic silica determination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christian Ohlendorf  Michael Sturm 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):137-142

We describe a modified method for the determination of biogenic silica (BSi) in lacustrine sediment samples with BSi concentrations >0.5% SiO₂ (detection limit). To speed up the leaching procedure (48 samples per day), we suggest the use of Teflon autoclaves that can be left unattended (no stirring of the solution) for 3 h at 100°C in an oven. We suggest a volume correction by Na measurement to account for volume errors during pipetting off a hot solution. We also propose to carry out a correction for minerogenic silica by the simultaneous determination of Al in the leachate. Analytical precision and accuracy of the proposed method are 2.4% (relative standard deviation) and 70–110% recovery (relative to the mean of four international reference sediment samples), respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that pre-treatment of the samples with H₂O₂ and/or HCl prior to alkaline leaching is not necessary for all samples. Due to the great diversity of lacustrine and marine sediments, however, the pre-treatment procedure should be tailored for samples from different sites.  相似文献   

Responses of Fragilarioid-dominated diatom assemblages in a small Arctic lake to Holocene climatic changes, Russell Island, Nunavut, Canada     

S. A. Finkelstein  K. Gajewski 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(4):1079-1095

We present a paleolimnological record spanning the Holocene from a small lake on Russell Island (Lake PW02), in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago (74.07° N, 97.77° W, 182 m asl). Fragilarioid diatom types in the genera Pseudostaurosira, Staurosira and Staurosirella constitute >90% of valves in fossil samples. Using modern biogeographic data which specify the temperature optima of the Fragilarioid diatom taxa, we present new inferences about the timing of paleoclimatic changes in the central Arctic islands. The early Holocene was characterized by maximum values for sediment organic matter, and lower ratios of Staurosirella pinnata to Staurosira construens v. venter, suggesting warm summer air temperatures between about 9500−6500 cal year BP. Influxes of biogenic silica and diatom valves decreased following 4000 cal year BP, the sediment accumulation rate slowed and diatom taxa of the littoral zone diversified, suggesting cooler summers and more persistent lake ice. Variations in the species composition of the assemblages indicate paleoclimatic changes that are in broad agreement with other paleoenvironmental records from the Arctic including melt records from the Agassiz Ice Cap. Although autecological data remain incomplete for Fragilarioid taxa, our results indicate differences in these taxa in responses to paleoenvironmental change and underline the potential for the increased use of these taxa in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The record from Lake PW02, as in other records from Arctic lakes with low algal diversity throughout the Holocene, shows a pronounced increase in diatom diversity since the 1920s, and diatom production since the 1970s far exceeds any recorded during the Holocene.  相似文献   

A Study of Pretreatment Methods for Terrigenous Grain-Size Analysis of Marine Sediments     

Zhao Shaohua  Liu Zhifei 《地球科学进展》2017,32(7):769-780

The prerequisite for obtaining variations of terrigenous grain-size of marine sediments is how to effectively remove non-terrigenous matters and preserve terrigenous particles synchronously. Combined with observations under biological microscope and scanning electron microscope, a comparative study of biogenic debris removal effect and terrigenous grain-size analysis under different pretreatment condition was performed on core sediments, which were retrieved in the South China Sea during the MD190 cruise. Our new results showed that the main three biogenic particles, namely, organic matter, carbonate, and opal in marine sediments could be removed effectively by 30% H₂O₂ in a stirring water bath at 60 ℃ for 3 h, 0.5% HCl for 1 h, and 2 mol/L Na₂CO₃ in a stirring water bath at 85 ℃ for 5 h, in turn. Such pretreatments achieved the goals of biogenic debris removal efficiency and relatively well-preserved terrigenous particles. Prior to selecting an appropriate pretreatment method, this study suggested that the actual effects of biogenic detritus on grain-size results of diverse marine sediment samples should be taken into account. If the laboratory data are ensured to be closer to the natural grain-size distribution of terrigenous particles, the removals of all biogenic debris are not always needed, and the less pretreatment processes the better. For example, opal particles have little effect on terrigenous grain-size distribution when their percentage is lower than 2%. Thus, there is no use to remove them from marine sediments before laboratory grain-size analysis of terrigenous particles. Additionally, ultrasonic is not suggested through the whole process of terrigenous grain-size analysis because the strong energy of ultrasonic can lead to the fragmentation of some fragile terrigenous particles.  相似文献   

The role of biogenic structures on the biogeochemical functioning of mangrove constructed wetlands sediments - A mesocosm approach     

Gil Penha-Lopes  Erik Kristensen  Perrine Mangion  José Paula 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):560-572

Benthic metabolism (measured as CO₂ production) and carbon oxidation pathways were evaluated in 4 mangrove mesocosms subjected daily to seawater or 60% sewage in the absence or presence of mangrove trees and biogenic structures (pneumatophores and crab burrows). Total CO₂ emission from darkened sediments devoid of biogenic structures at pristine conditions was comparable during inundation (immersion) and air exposure (emersion), although increased 2-7 times in sewage contaminated mesocosms. Biogenic structures increased low tide carbon gas emissions at contaminated (30%) and particularly pristine conditions (60%). When sewage was loaded into the mesocosms under unvegetated and planted conditions, iron reduction was substituted by sulfate reduction and contribution of aerobic respiration to total metabolism remained above 50%. Our results clearly show impacts of sewage on the partitioning of electron acceptors in mangrove sediment and confirm the importance of biogenic structures for biogeochemical functioning but also on greenhouse gases emission.  相似文献   

极谱法同时测定岩石中的微量铀钍   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李功顺  朱樱  齐玲  白静梅  郭光珍 《铀矿地质》2009,25(4):240-244

试样经过氧化钠熔融后,用硝酸溶液提取熔块,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）凝聚硅胶,过滤除硅,TBP萃淋树脂分离富集铀钍。在含0．02g／L四丁基碘化铵-4g／L铜铁试剂、pH=5的乙酸-乙酸钠极谱测定体系中同时测定铀钍,铀钍的线性范围为0．001～0．500μg／10mL。本法用于含铀岩石中微量铀钍的同时测定,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率的生物硅记录及其古生产力意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘升发  石学法  刘焱光  翟滨  吴永华 《沉积学报》2011,29(2):321-327

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔进行粒度和生物硅分析,AMS14C测年,获得了粒度和生物硅随时间变化的高分辨率曲线.结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主;沉积物中生物硅含量<1.5%,属于低含量海区,主要受低硅质骨骼供给量、高溶解作用以及陆源物质冲淡作用的影响.生物硅含量及其...  相似文献   

春季长江口及邻近海域悬浮颗粒态硅的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曹璐  刘素美  李瑞香 《海洋学报》2011,33(1):83-90

对春季长江口及邻近海域悬浮颗粒态生物硅(PBSi)、成岩硅(LSj)进行了大面调查和围隔培养实验研究,讨论了悬浮颗粒物中PBSi的分布情况及其影响因素.分析表明,PBSi与LSi的含量分别为0.22～4.25和1.75～184μmol/dm<'3>,与世界其他海域相比LSi的含量偏高,PBSi含量则处于中等水平.由于陆...  相似文献   

Biological controls on dissolution of diatom frustules during their descent to the deep ocean: Lessons learned from controlled laboratory experiments     

Uta Passow  Megan A. French  Maya Robert 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1147-1157

The majority of opal produced by diatoms dissolves during their sedimentation to the seafloor, but spatial and temporal variability of dissolution rates are large. Controlled laboratory experiments using live phytoplankton or phyto-detritus may help identify the different processes, including those that are biologically mediated or physico-chemically driven, that impact the dissolution of frustules and the aforementioned variability. Results of eight bSiO₂ dissolution experiments, seven of which were conducted at low temperatures (<6 °C) are presented within the context of earlier similar studies, and different phases of dissolution dynamics characterized. TEP concentration, aggregation and the physiological status of the diatoms determined the period during which diatoms may maintain the protective membrane that surrounds their frustule and effectively reduces or completely inhibits (lag period) dissolution for some time. Once diatoms loose the capability to maintain their protective membrane, bacterial activity compromises it. Physico-chemical dissolution, which depends on frustule structure and abiotic environmental conditions, begins once the protective membrane is damaged. The ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane, the bacterial composition and activity governing its degradation, and the physico-chemical dissolution dynamics of exposed frustules are all impacted by temperature. In our experiments instantaneous dissolution rates were not dependant on bSiO₂ concentration at low temperatures, although such a relationship was observed under otherwise identical conditions at 15 °C, implying that biotic factors rather than physico-chemical processes initially dominated dissolution at polar temperatures. Since inhibition of bSiO₂ dissolution at low temperatures was inhibited to a greater extent than organic matter degradation, we postulate that it was not reduced bacterial activity but the enhanced ability of diatoms to maintain their membrane and thus withstand microbial attack that caused the low initial dissolution rates at <6 °C. In situ, interactions between the different biotic and abiotic processes impacting dissolution combined with differences in sinking velocity of diatom aggregates and grazing effects could easily explain high spatial and temporal variability in the accumulation of diatoms on the seafloor. Simple calculations based on our experimental results suggest that Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, for example, would be appreciably more likely to reach the seafloor than Chaetoceros debilis if both grow at low growth rates, e.g. under growth limiting conditions. However, dissolution behavior of Chaetoceros debilis during sedimentation may differ under conditions where this species forms large blooms.  相似文献   

Particle fluxes in San Pedro Basin, California: A four-year record of sedimentation and physical forcing     

Lisa E. Collins  William BerelsonDouglas E. Hammond  Angela Knapp  Richard SchwartzDoug Capone 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(8):898-914

Moored sediment traps were deployed from January 2004 through December 2007 at depths of 550 and 800 m in San Pedro Basin (SPB), CA (33°33.0′N, 118°26.5′W). Additionally, floating sediment traps were deployed at 100 and 200 m for periods of 12-24 h during spring 2005, fall 2007, and spring 2008. Average annual fluxes of mass, particulate organic carbon (POC), ??¹³C_org, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), ??¹⁵N-PON, biogenic silica (bSiO₂), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and detrital material (non-biogenic) were coupled with climate records and used to examine sedimentation patterns, vertical flux variability, and organic matter sources to this coastal region. Annual average flux values were determined by binning data by month and averaging the monthly averages. The average annual fluxes to 550 m were 516±42 mg/m² d for mass (sdom of the monthly averages, n=117), 3.18±0.26 mmol C/m² d for POC (n=111), 0.70±0.05 mmol/m² d for CaCO₃ (n=110), 1.31±0.21 mmol/m² d for bSiO₂ (n=115), and 0.35±0.03 mmol/m² d for PON (n=111). Fluxes to 800 and to 550 m were similar, within 10%. Annual average values of ??¹³C_org at 550 m were −21.8±0.2‰ (n=108), and ??¹⁵N averages were 8.9±0.2‰ (n=95). The timing of both high and low flux particle collection was synchronous between the two traps. Given the frequency of trap cup rotation (4-11 days), this argues for particle settling rates ≥83 m/d for both high and low flux periods. The moored traps were deployed over one of the wettest (2004-2005, 74.6 cm rainfall) and driest (2006-2007, 6.6 cm) rain years on record. There was poor correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval) of detrital mass flux with: C_org/N ratio (r=0.10, p=0.16); ??¹⁵N (r=−0.19, p=0.02); and rainfall (r=0.5, p=0.43), suggesting that runoff does not immediately cause increases in particle fluxes 15 km offshore. ??¹³C_org values suggest that most POC falling to the basin floor is marine derived. Coherence between satellite-derived chlorophyll a records from the trap location (±9 km² resolution) and SST data indicates that productivity and export occurs within a few days of upwelling and both of these parameters are reasonable predictors of POC export, with a time lag of a few days to 2 weeks (with no time lag—SeaWiFS chlorophyll a and POC flux, r=0.25, p=0.0014; chlorophyll a and bSiO₂ flux, r=0.28, p=0.0002).  相似文献